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Identifying Prognostic Factors In Pleural Mesothelioma
Researchers have validated previously identified prognostic factors for pleural mesothelioma and identified "room for improvement" when predicting overall survival in this patient population.
The researchers' findings were presented at the 2023 World Conference on Lung Cancer by Andrea S. Wolf, MD, of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, New York.
The current study builds upon work from 2014. At that time, researchers had analyzed data from 3101 patients in the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) mesothelioma database to identify prognostic factors.
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With the current study, Dr Wolf and colleagues considered those 3101 patients (65% of whom had undergone curative-intent surgery) as a training dataset and attempted to validate the prognostic factors identified in 2014 using a new cohort of patients.
The new cohort includes 1733 patients diagnosed with mesothelioma during 2009-2019, 47% of whom had undergone curative-intent surgery. Dr Wolf and colleagues reevaluated the independent effects of variables identified in 2014: age, sex, platelet and white blood cell counts, histology, curative-intent surgery, and adjuvant therapy.
In a univariate analysis, anemia (hemoglobin levels less than 11.5 g/dL in women and less than 13.5 g/dL in men) and a serum mesothelin level of 6.7 nmol/L or higher were associated with inferior overall survival (P <.0001 for both variables).
The researchers also created a multivariable pathologic staging model (which incorporated clinicopathological features and treatment) and a multivariable basic presentation model (which included parameters available at patient presentation).
With the pathologic staging model, the following factors were independent predictors of worse overall survival:
With the basic presentation model, the following factors were independent predictors of worse overall survival:
The researchers compared the models using Harrell's c-index, "which measures the probability that 2 randomly selected patients would have the same relative order of predicted survival based on a given model as those actually observed," Dr Wolf explained. She noted that a c-index score of 0.5 is the same as chance, and a score of 0.7 is a good fit.
The pathologic staging model yielded a c-index score of 0.68 using the 2014 training dataset and a score of 0.65 using the validation dataset. Dr Wolf described this as "moderately prognostic."
Including anemia in the pathologic staging model raised the c-index score slightly to 0.652. The basic presentation model performed better, with a score of 0.668.
"The IASLC models performed relatively well in this updated validation dataset, but, clearly, these models have room for improvement," Dr Wolf said. "We continue to stress the importance of standardized reporting of data through the IASLC international registry, and the inclusion of appropriate molecular markers will likely improve these models."
Disclosures: No disclosures were provided.
ReferenceWolf AS, Rosenthal A, Giroux DJ, et al. The IASLC Pleural Mesothelioma Staging Project: Updated modeling of prognostic factors in pleural mesothelioma. Presented at WCLC 2023. September 9-12, 2023. Abstract MA17.04.
MARS Trial: Decortication And Chemotherapy Associated With Worse Outcomes For Patients With Resectable Mesothelioma
image: Professor Eric Lim from The Royal Brompton Hospital, United Kingdom view more
Credit: Professor Eric Lim from The Royal Brompton Hospital, United Kingdom
(Singapore, September 11, 2023, 10:05 a.M. SGT) – Extended pleurectomy decortication combined with chemotherapy is associated with worse survival outcomes, a higher incidence of serious adverse events, and a diminished quality of life compared to platinum and pemetrexed chemotherapy alone, according to research presented today the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 2023 World Conference on Lung Cancer in Singapore.
The UK Multicentre Randomised Trial, known as MARS 2, conducted by a team led by Professor Eric Lim from The Royal Brompton Hospital, United Kingdom, investigated the impact of extended pleurectomy decortication combined with chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with mesothelioma.
Mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer primarily linked to asbestos exposure, has prompted exploration into various treatment options, including surgical procedures like pleurectomy decortication. However, despite its common use, the effectiveness of this intervention has never been evaluated in a randomized trial.
The trial, which enrolled 335 participants, randomly assigned 169 patients with resectable mesothelioma to extended pleurectomy decortication and 166 patients to chemotherapy (platinum and pemetrexed) or chemotherapy alone. The researchers followed patients for a median 22.4 months.
Patients randomized to surgery and chemotherapy exhibited a median survival of 19.3 months, while those randomized to chemotherapy alone demonstrated a median survival of 24.8 months. However, the hazards for death were non-proportional, prompting the presentation of primary outcomes in two timeframes: randomization to 42 months and beyond 42 months. The analysis indicated a 28% increase in the risk of death in the surgery group within the first 42 months, while no significant difference in survival emerged after 42 months, Lim reported.
Moreover, the research unveiled significant disparities in progression-free survival and adverse events between the two groups. The surgery group experienced a 3.6-fold higher incidence of serious adverse events (CTCAE grade 3 and above), and Dr. Lim reported that patients who underwent surgery reported poorer quality of life and well-being on various EORTC health-related quality of life scales, particularly in global health, physical functioning, social functioning, and role functioning. The surgery group also exhibited worse positive symptom scores, including pain, dyspnea, insomnia, loss of appetite, and financial difficulties.
Prof. Lim concluded that extended pleurectomy decortication should not be offered to patients with pleural mesothelioma and classifying this disease as "unresectable" from the outset would increase access to more effective systemic treatments to improve survival for patients with early-stage disease.
About the IASLC:
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) is the only global organization dedicated solely to the study of lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies. Founded in 1974, the association's membership includes more than 8,000 lung cancer specialists across all disciplines in over 100 countries, forming a global network working together to conquer lung and thoracic cancers worldwide. The association also publishes the Journal of Thoracic Oncology, the primary educational and informational publication for topics relevant to the prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of all thoracic malignancies. Visit http://www.Iaslc.Org for more information.
About the WCLC:
The WCLC is the world's largest meeting dedicated to lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies, attracting more than 7,000 researchers, physicians, and specialists from more than 100 countries. The goal is to increase awareness, collaboration, and understanding of lung cancer, and to help participants implement the latest developments across the globe. The conference will cover a wide range of disciplines and unveil several research studies and clinical trial results. For more information, visit https://wclc2023.Iaslc.Org.
Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! Are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! By contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.
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