I sent the (hornet) horsefly ahead of you, which drove them out before you—also the two Amorite kings. You did not do it with your own sword and bow. (Jos. 24:12) The Hebrew term ʽa·róv is not easy to translate and, in fact, it is uncertain exactly which species of insect it refers to. It appears as the fourth plague of Egypt, which did not affect the Israelite inhabitants of Goshen (Ex. 8:21; Psalm 78:5; 105:31). In different versions of the Bible, the term is translated as "flies", "horseflies", "mosquitoes", "annoying insects", "dog flies" , etc. Of course, one of the dipteran insect groups with the most painful sting is that of the horsefly, which is why many scholars prefer this translation. Horseflies are similar to flies, but larger in size, with a thick body and large, green-tinted, shining eyes. The males do not harm humans, as they feed on vegetal juices. However, the females have a complex buccal apparatus, wit