Introduction Influenza is an heterogeneous disease which can cause 3–5 million severe cases and 250,000–500,000 deaths every year. 1 Its severity varies widely because of patients, different ages, complications, mortality, onset season, duration, and response to drugs, so the pathogenesis and prognosis of each influenza patient is different. 2 In our clinical work, we find severe influenza patients are often complicated with bacterial and/or fungal infection, which greatly increases the mortality rate of patients, prolongs the time of hospitalization, and increases the personal and social economic burden. 3,4 Invasive pulmonary mycosis (IPM) is a well-recognized disease occurring in immunocompromised patients. In recent years, influenza has been confirmed as a risk factor for IPM, because influenza can inhibit the immune system of patients, creating an ideal environment for the occurrence of bacterial and fungal infections. 5 Influenza associated IPM increases the difficulty